Animal Experimentation and Research Essay -- Ethics Morals Essays Pape

Animal Experimentation and Research In the basement of the psychology department here, a poster hangs on the wall; on it is a picture of two white lab rats and a caption that reads, ?They?ve saved more lives than 911.? This poster hangs on the wall of the room where I performed brain surgery on a rat. Many people would be morally opposed to this and any other form of animal research and experimentation and feel that it should be banned. This heated debate has been going on for centuries with each side possessing strong arguments. A central argument to this debate is whether or not animals are moral patients, with feelings anId the ability to suffer, and if we as humans are entitled to use them as means. Many people feel that we have made great medical advancements that would not have been possible without the use of animals. Alternatively, some feel that despite the medical advancements made, the use of animals remains an unethical practice. I feel that animal experimentation has the capacity to be very benefici al to medical research. However, scientists should try to prevent as much suffering as possible. Likewise, it would be a good idea to prohibit unnecessary testing and experimentation, especially with the recent development of many alternatives. Despite mounting controversy, many people still find animal experimentation to be a moral and correct practice. A widely accepted thought of some philosophers is that animals are not morally equal to us; therefore, we do not have to treat them as such (Fox, 3). Furthermore, according to Michael Allen Fox, author of The Case for Animal Experimentation, ?animals fail to meet the conditions specified for full membership in the moral community and likewise fail to... ...on, this issue will be able to be solved and a general understanding and agreement can arise. Works Cited ï ¿ ½ Birke, Lynda and Michael, Mike. ?Ethics and Animal Rights Extend Beyond UK Law.? Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy Spring: 35-38 ï ¿ ½ Fox, Michael Allen. The Case for Animal Experimentation. Berkley: University of California Press, 1986. ï ¿ ½ Langley, Gill, ed.. Animal Experimentation The Consensus Changes. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989. ï ¿ ½ Mench, Joy. ?Animal Research Arouses Passion, Sparks.? Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy Spring 1996: 5-15. ï ¿ ½ Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. ï ¿ ½ ?Rights from Wrongs.? The Environmental Magazine. March/April. 2008: 26-33. ï ¿ ½ Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Professional teacher Essay

Development takes what is there as a valuable starting point, not as something to be replaced, but a useful platform on which to build. To do so is to recognise not only that teachers do have valuable existing expertise but also that, if teachers are forced to choose, they will usually revert to their secure established ways of doing things. The metaphor of ‘building on what is already there’ is not, however, satisfactory because it suggests adding on something separate to what is there, something extra on top. The concept of development, in contrast, implies that whatever is added, whatever is new, will be integrated with what is there already, and will indeed grow from what is there. † McIntyre and Hagger (1992, p. 271) This places the teacher in a position of power and responsibility. It means that the teacher is the arbiter of change. If a proposed change does not meet with the approval of the teacher, then there is little likelihood that the change will be introduced. What sometimes happens is that, where a proposed reform partly meets with the approval of a teacher, the proposed change is revised. It may be scaled down, some of the less acceptable aspects removed or emphases may be changed. The proposed reform undergoes a process of customization to suit the circumstances and priorities of the individual teacher. This position of power in relation to change and reform also brings with it considerable responsibility. Teachers must be attuned to the need for change. They need to be proactive, able to take initiatives in relation to change but also to make sound judgments about the value and relevance of any change, proposed by others or initiated by themselves. They cannot afford to reject all change outright or be dismissive of it. To do so would be to abandon a professional obligation to work in the interests of students and the future of society. Every professional teacher must be able to articulate fully the bases for his or her own practical theory. Being explicit about one’s own practical theory is essential for a number of reasons. First, it ensures that explanations of the bases for actions in the classroom can be provided and the expectation of professional accountability discharged. Second, knowing in detail one’s practical theory facilitates the process of review and revision. Here the position of the teacher is somewhat akin to that of a medical expert or flight engineer. Only expert knowledge of how the human body or plane operates can provide a basis for the correction of malfunctions. Thirdly, it allows for a fuller and quicker assessment of proposals for change. Areas of compatibility/incompatibility and the flaws inherent in existing and proposed practical theories can be more readily identified. Moreover, it is more likely that unsound proposals for change will be detected. Interpreting student teacher learning as learning by reflection on can be taken a step further by also applying this idea to other components of teacher education, such as group seminars on campus. The realistic approach can be used at the level of a class on campus by creating an experience in that class which is the basis for learning for a whole group. One example is the idea of organizing 10-minutes lessons given by student teachers to their fellow students. Korthagen, F. A. J. Nevertheless, what teachers do as they design their approaches to teaching has many of the hallmarks of theory building. They address significant problems related to student learning, they design and experiment with ways of solving those problems, they inquire into the relative effectiveness of these ways by using data from observations, tests and feedback from others to assist them, they identify patterns which give rise to predictions about what is likely to happen, and they build bases for professional action.

Free Essays on SHISEIDO COMPANY

Shiseido is a Japanese company founded in 1872 by Yushin Fukuhara and was at the beginning intended at the pharmaceutical sector. Since, it has become leader in cosmetic Japanese market but the market has been spiced with the introduction of foreign competitors like Max Factor. The company has had difficult period like in 1987 (six percent decrease) but has always found solutions and that’s why for example the company had to rethink its marketing strategies. The agreement with Johnson and Johnson is just an answer of a number that are being made to improve its position. There are also opportunities for the Shiseido to invest in other markets such as a men’s product range and also the foreign market. The company proposes a large range with three principal categories: -Cosmetics74% of sales -Toiletries16% of sales -Others10% of sales With the long term project, Shiseido identified three goals: technological excellence, diversified operations, and customer satisfaction. We’ll see in this case the current situation of Shiseido and its possible opportunities in term of market, distribution and exportation, but on the other hand we’ll see few weakness of the company. 1) What are the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for Shiseido? Strengths Leader on the domestic market of cosmetics in terms of revenues and market share Shiseido’s sector of R&D is very complete and at the top of technology Shiseido propose products for all types of demand with its inexpensive â€Å"Cosmenity† line and its other brands (lower end of the market), they have a very large range (about 3000 products) Establishment of its chain store system which permit to control a lot of things in the shop (merchandising, sales corner development†¦) Shiseido currently represented by 17 subsidiaries and more than 8,700 outlets in 69 countries ... Free Essays on SHISEIDO COMPANY Free Essays on SHISEIDO COMPANY Shiseido is a Japanese company founded in 1872 by Yushin Fukuhara and was at the beginning intended at the pharmaceutical sector. Since, it has become leader in cosmetic Japanese market but the market has been spiced with the introduction of foreign competitors like Max Factor. The company has had difficult period like in 1987 (six percent decrease) but has always found solutions and that’s why for example the company had to rethink its marketing strategies. The agreement with Johnson and Johnson is just an answer of a number that are being made to improve its position. There are also opportunities for the Shiseido to invest in other markets such as a men’s product range and also the foreign market. The company proposes a large range with three principal categories: -Cosmetics74% of sales -Toiletries16% of sales -Others10% of sales With the long term project, Shiseido identified three goals: technological excellence, diversified operations, and customer satisfaction. We’ll see in this case the current situation of Shiseido and its possible opportunities in term of market, distribution and exportation, but on the other hand we’ll see few weakness of the company. 1) What are the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats for Shiseido? Strengths Leader on the domestic market of cosmetics in terms of revenues and market share Shiseido’s sector of R&D is very complete and at the top of technology Shiseido propose products for all types of demand with its inexpensive â€Å"Cosmenity† line and its other brands (lower end of the market), they have a very large range (about 3000 products) Establishment of its chain store system which permit to control a lot of things in the shop (merchandising, sales corner development†¦) Shiseido currently represented by 17 subsidiaries and more than 8,700 outlets in 69 countries ...

Enallage Definition and Examples

Enallage Definition and Examples In rhetoric, a figure of syntactic substitution in which one grammatical form (person, case, gender, number, tense) is replaced by another (usually ungrammatical) form. Also known as the figure of exchange. Enallage is related to solecism (a deviation from conventional word order). Enallage, however, is usually regarded as a deliberate stylistic device, whereas a solecism is commonly treated as an error of usage. Nonetheless, Richard Lanham suggests that the ordinary student will not go far wrong in using enallage as a general term for the whole broad range of substitutions, intentional or not (Handbook of Rhetorical Terms, 1991). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AnthimeriaConversionHendiadysHistorical PresentHypallage Etymology From the Greek, change, exchange Examples and Observations Emphasis is what enallage can give us; it draws reaction by shifting the function of a word from that of its usual part of speech to an uncharacteristic function, thereby thwarting the predictable. . . .Heres a classic case of enallage: When a credit agency identifies a deadbeat debtor, the nonpayer is referred to not merely as a bad risk or bad person, but as a bad. Shifting the adjective bad into a noun is like saying, once a bad, always a bad, and bad through and through.(Arthur Plotnik, Spunk Bite. Random House, 2005)Got milk? is substandard speech. So is Subway’s Eat fresh. . . .It’s a trick called enallage: a slight deliberate grammatical mistake that makes a sentence stand out.We was robbed. Mistah Kurtz- he dead. Thunderbirds are go. All of these stick in our minds because they’re just wrong- wrong enough to be right.(Mark Forsyth, Rhetorical Reasons That Slogans Stick. The New York Times, November 13, 2014)The hyssop doth tree it in Judea.(Thomas Fuller , quoted by John Walker Vilant Macbeth in The Might and Mirth of Literature: A Treatise on Figurative Language, 1875) Whose scoffed words he taking halfe in scorne,Fiercely forth prickt his steed as in disdaine . . ..(Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queen, Book 4, Canto 2)Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind;Thou losest here, a better where to find.(William Shakespeare, King Lear)Being now awake, Ill queen it no inch further,But milk my ewes, and weep.(William Shakespeare, The Winters Tale) . . . how wickedly and wretchedly soever a man shall live, though he furs himself warm with poor mens hearts . . ..(Thomas Adams, The Three Divine Sisters)Enallage as a Rhetorical FigureIn narrative texts, a substitution of the past tense by the present tense (praesens historicum) takes place, when the intended effect is a vivid representation (enargeia). Not merely a solecism or a grammatical mistake, enallage is employed with a functional intentionality, which gives it the status of a rhetorical figure.(Heinrich F. Plett, Enallage, Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, edited by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2002) The Figure of Exchange: From Latin To EnglishOf all the disorderly figures of speech I have considered thus far, enallage proves to be the most resistant to translation into English. The figure manipulates grammatical accidents, substituting one case, person, gender, or tense for another, and it does not have any obvious function in an uninflected language apart from the system of pronouns. Yet despite its basic unworkability in the vernacular, enallage and its subfigure antiposis appear in four English rhetorics published between 1550 and 1650. . . . In order to make enallage speak Englishto turn it into the Figure of exchangethese rhetorics redefine it as a mode of pronoun substitution, turning enallage into a figure that exchanges he for she. Like the costumes of the early modern stage, the figure allows English words to change their case, or garments.(Jenny C. Mann, Outlaw Rhetoric: Figuring Vernacular Eloquence in Shakespeares England. Cornell University Press, 2012) Also Known As: figure of exchange, anatiptosis​ Pronunciation: eh-NALL-uh-gee

The Basic Differences between the Tradition Term of Group Work and the Essay

The Basic Differences between the Tradition Term of Group Work and the Ideas behind Cooperative Learning Groups - Essay Example The Basic Differences between the Tradition Term of Group Work and the Ideas behind Cooperative Learning Groups Apart from the use of a part (small groups) of a whole, cooperative learning strategies differ fundamentally from traditional group work in a number of ways. Group work does not guarantee the full participation and mutual engagement of students in a group and, by extension, the whole class. The abilities and interests of students in a class are naturally not the same. Some may be very fast in picking while others are slow. Some may be weak in particular aspect of a subject and good in others. A relatively intelligent student in group may find it easy to accomplish group task and as such find the work interesting. A weaker student may not be that lucky and may have to coast along with his group members. There is no good reward that motivates the weak to double up. The group may be awarded points regardless of individual participation and growth. The group may earn recognition even if the weaker students perform woefully or if the gifted only carry along the weaker. The growth of indiv idual students is therefore not recognized as a contributor to group success. Conversely, cooperative learning strategies ensure active participation of all students using a reward structure that makes individual members to invest in each other’s learning. The reward structure is motivational. A group in cooperative learning strategy may earn points when there is comparative improvement of each member of the group.

Chinese Silk Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Chinese Silk Road - Essay Example It plays a momentous part in the development of social and economic situations of China. The Chinese Silk Route resembles the advent of globalization within China, which influences economic, social & cultural conditions of the nation in a favorable way (Wood 9-15). Urbanizations results in growth in population and accordingly these increase the demands of basic needs. Thus, to satisfy the country’s need, the Chinese Silk Route was introduced for the betterment of lives. Moreover, to boost the process of transferring goods through export and import quickly, Chinese Silk Route is being established. It enables the tourists to visit such countries that are connected by routes and thus helps to boost foreign direct investment (FDI) in respective counties. After introducing the Chinese Silk Route, national and international trades and investments are identified to grow rapidly with generating varied positive outcomes. Maritime commerce is playing a decisive part in connecting divers ified industries, culture and economy of different countries. As the trade relationships between countries are growing, distinct sorts of new pioneering ideas are implemented to enhance the productivity of the routes (Agnew 3-17). The essay intends to analyze the history of Chinese Silk Route, which has been introduced with the advent of globalization. Apart from this, the essay attempted to describe the process of the above stated history and also its influence on developing the social as well as economic conditions of China. Chinese Silk Route continuously developed within the period of second century BC to fourteenth century AD. During the 500 BC, Chinese people adopted nomadic style and rode horses for exporting along with importing goods. This route was initiated by Zhang Qian in Hun Dynasty and during the growth of this dynasty, the Chinese Silk Route gained immense power to expand across

Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Management Principles - Essay Example This leader is actively involved in coaching, training, directing and supervising the team members’ performance. The team leader appreciates and recognizes good performance on a regular basis. Moreover, he provides feedback to the people that do not perform well or achieve the required targets. This team leader reports to a manager. The manager provides targets and directs what tasks to be performed. Very often, the manager takes all decisions related to work and staff members. The monthly and yearly targets and goals are decided by the manager. Although the manager monitors the work, he is not proactive in appreciating or rewarding good performance. The manager holds all authority in distribution and control of stationery and other facilities related stuff. Keen observation reveals that the team leader follows situational leadership style, as proposed by Hersey and Blanchard (Schermerhorn, 2009). The team leader keeps changing his style according to the situation. For example , he trains and coaches team members on the job and continuously monitors and encourages so that they achieve the required targets. He appreciates those that achieve or exceed their performance targets. He also delegates extra responsibilities to the good performers so that they are motivated. He involves all team members in important discussions related to work and/or tasks assigned by the manager.