Alcoholic Beverage and Quantum Software Essay

Quantum Software does indeed have a problem involving a disagreement in the appropriateness of a company sponsored social activity. This weekly gathering is offered by Quantum’s management as a reward for their productiveness displayed throughout the week. While the get-together appears to be very popular among employees and managers alike, there is at least one party (Bill, the corporate attorney) who voices objection to the weekly festivity (Brown & Harvey, 1995). The problems can be defined in terms of macro; issues having to do with leadership, resources, and the surrounding infrastructure, and micro, which include internal issues such as employee training, empowerment and organizational processes. (Packard 2005). The macro issue is that there is a difference in opinion on whether or not the â€Å"beer bust† is an appropriate means of rewarding the company’s employees. Stan and Erin, the founders of Quantum Software, feel that this time is beneficial because it provides an opportunity to â€Å"encourage the team concept† (Brown & Harvey, 1995). Bill however, after witnessing an employee stumbling as a result of his drinking, questions the company’s liability of providing alcohol during the workday. The micro issue, although not specifically stated in the study, is that coworkers are subject to seeing each other as well as members of management in an intoxicated state; creating a situation where professional integrity could be compromised. The cause for the conflict is the fact that the company is offering its employees alcohol during work hours, creating a situation where Quantum would be held liable should an accident occur at work or as the employees were leaving the office. Additional concerns are warranted in considering that not all employees (based on statistically studies of drinking in the workplace) will be included in an event where drinking alcohol is involved (NZMA, 2006). Additionally, studies show that organizations that encourage drinking at work have a higher rate of employees with drinking problems; which can greatly affect worker performance (National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism, 2006). Alternative opportunities should be offered to the employees that would achieve the goals that Stan and Erin have set of creating an atmosphere where workers can â€Å"blow off a little steam† without providing alcohol (Brown & Harvey, 1995). Recognizing that the workers are adults and have the ability to make responsible decisions in regards to drinking, perhaps a social committee could provide an alternate experience to the â€Å"beer bust† that does not conflict with the interest of Quantum Software. There are two recommendations that I would offer to the management team of Quantum Software. First, the monies dedicated to offering the current â€Å"beer bust† should be redirected to an offering that includes all employees, including those that do not drink. This will provide an inclusive atmosphere where all employees can participate. Second, an off-property location should be established by a social committee (not management) where employees have the opportunity to â€Å"socialize over a beer without the pressure of work† (Brown & Harvey, 1995). This way the employees are on their own time and are responsible for their own actions; relieving Quantum Software of any responsibility for its employee’s actions. References Brown, D. & Harvey D. (2006). An experimental approach to organization and development. Upper Saddle River: Pearson National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2008). Alcohol and the workplace Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://alcoholism. about. com/od/work/l/blnaa44. htm NZMA (2006). Alcohol consumption. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. nzma. org. nz/journal/116-1184/645/Figures%20and%20tables. pdf Packard,T. (1995). TQM and organizational change and development. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. improve. org/tqm. html#Exhibit%20I:%20A%20Force%20Field %20.

Chemistry Acid-Base Titration

Chemistry: Strong Acid and Weak Base Titration Lab Cherno Okafor Mr. Huang SCH4U7 November 21st, 2012 Data Collection and Processing Concentration of the standard HCl solution: 0. 1 M Data Collection: | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Final HCl Buret Reading  ± 0. 05 mL | 38. 3| 45| 54. 5| Initial HCl Buret Reading  ± 0. 05 mL | 29. 9| 38. 3| 45| Volume of NaHCO3 used  ± 0. 1 mL | 9. 2| 9. 5| 9. 8| Qualitative Data: I used the methyl orange indicator which was suitable for my titration because of its clear and distinct colour change from orange to a bright red at the endpoint * At the beginning of the titration after I added 3 drops of methyl orange into the base (NaHCO3) and swirled, I began titrating the acid (HCl) slowly, and initially in the methyl orange and base, there was a tiny amount of red colour present, but then it quickly disappeared due to insufficient HCl (H+ ions)then I gradually kept titrating more acid while swirling and there was even more red colour present, unti l finally I reached the endpoint when the orange-yellow colour had completely transformed into a red colour * Changes from an orange-yellow colour (slightly higher pH 4. 4) to a bright red colour (at low pH 3. 1) at the endpoint and point of equivalence * Baking Soda (NaHCO3) absorbed the odour caused by the strong acid of HCl when I mixed the two: bleach-like smell ProcessingIf the concentration of an acid or base is expressed in molarity, then the volume of the solution multiplied by its concentration is equal to the moles of the acid or base. Therefore, the following relationship holds: nVb x Cb = Va x Ca Where: Vb = the volume of the base Cb = the concentration of the base Va = the volume of the acid Ca = the concentration of the acid n = the mole factor In the case of hydrochloric acid and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda), the mole ratio is one to one, thus the mole factor is 1. Therefore, the volume of sodium bicarbonate multiplied by its concentration in molarity is equal to the moles sodium bicarbonate. The moles of sodium hydroxide are equal to the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in the reaction.The neutralization equation becomes: HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + H2O + CO3 Hence, Cb = Va x Ca / Vb. Trial 1 Calculation: * First we need to find the change of volume of the acid used up in the titration: Va = Vfinal – Vintial Va = 38. 3  ± 0. 05 – 29. 9  ± 0. 05 Va = 8. 4  ± 0. 1 mL Therefore, nVb x Cb = Va x Ca (1)(9. 2  ± 0. 1)(Cb) = (8. 4  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) Cb = (8. 4  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) / (9. 2  ± 0. 1) Cb = (8. 4  ± 1. 19%) (0. 1  ± 0. 5%) / (9. 2  ± 1. 09%) Cb = (0. 84  ± 1. 69%) / (9. 2  ± 1. 09%) Cb = 0. 0913  ± 2. 78% 0. 0913  ± 0. 00254M is the concentration of the base for trial 1Theoretical Base Concentration = 0. 1  ± 0. 0005 M Experimental Base Concentration = 0. 0913  ± 0. 00254 M Trial 2 Calculation: * First find change of volume of the acid used up in the titration: Va = Vfinal â⠂¬â€œ Vinitial Va = 45  ± 0. 05 – 36  ± 0. 05 Va = 9. 0  ± 0. 1 mL Therefore, nVb x Cb = Va x Ca (1)(9. 5  ± 0. 1)(Cb) = (9. 0  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) Cb = (9. 0  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) / (9. 5  ± 0. 1) Cb = (9. 0  ± 1. 1%) (0. 1  ± 0. 5%) / (9. 5  ± 1. 05%) Cb = (0. 9  ± 1. 6%) / (9. 5  ± 1. 05%) Cb = 0. 0947  ± 2. 65% 0. 0947  ± 0. 00251M is the concentration of the base for trial 2 Theoretical Base Concentration = 0. 1  ± 0. 005 M Experimental Base Concentration = 0. 0947  ± 0. 00251 M Trial 3 Calculation: * First find change of volume of the acid used up in the titration: Va = Vfinal – Vinitial Va = 54. 5  ± 0. 05 – 45  ± 0. 05 Va = 9. 5  ± 0. 1 mL Therefore, nVb x Cb = Va x Ca (1)(9. 8  ± 0. 1)(Cb) = (9. 5  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) Cb = (9. 5  ± 0. 1) (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) / (9. 8  ± 0. 1) Cb = (9. 5  ± 1. 05%) (0. 1  ± 0. 5%) / (9. 8  ± 1. 02%) Cb = (0. 95  ± 1. 55%) / (9. 8  ± 1. 02%) Cb = 0. 0969  ± 2. 57% 0. 0969  ± 0. 00250M is the concentration of the base for trial 3 Theoretical Base Concentration = 0. 1  ± 0. 0005 MExperimental Base Concentration = 0. 0969  ± 0. 00250 M * Now, I will average all 3 trials: Trial 1: 0. 0913  ± 2. 78% 2. 78% / 100% x 0. 0913 = 0. 0913  ± 0. 00254 M Trial 2: 0. 0947  ± 2. 65% 2. 65% / 100% x 0. 0947 = 0. 0947  ± 0. 00251 M Trial 3: 0. 0969  ± 2. 57% 2. 57% / 100% x 0. 0969 = 0. 0969  ± 0. 00250 M Therefore: (0. 0913 + 0. 0947 + 0. 0969)  ± (0. 00254 + 0. 00251 + 0. 00250) / 3 trials = (0. 2829  ± 0. 00755) / 3 = (0. 0943  ± 0. 00252) MAverage Concentration of base for the 3 trials * Percentage Error = Theoretical – Actual / Theoretical x 100% = (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) – (0. 0943  ± 0. 00252) / (0. 1  ± 0. 0005) x 100% = 0. 0057  ± 0. 00302 / 0. 1  ± 0. 0005) x 100% = (0. 57  ± 0. 00352) x 100% = 5. 7%  ± 0. 00352 Conclusion and Evaluation: Conclusion: In this titration lab, I used a s trong acid HCl (hydrochloric acid) vs. a weak base NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate/baking soda). My intent was to find the concentration of the weak base after it has been titrated with the strong acid. The theoretical basic solution had a concentration of 0. 1  ± 0. 0005 M. In my experiment, the value I obtained was 0. 0943  ± 0. 00252 M, which is pretty close to 0. 1. I also had a very small error percentage at just 5. 7%  ± 0. 00352 error. My experimental value was only off by 0. 0057 (0. 1- 0. 0943) with a total uncertainty of 0. 00402 (0. 005 + 0. 00352) from the theoretical value of the base concentration. Evaluation/Improvement: Some of the most notable errors in my procedure to mention are the small quantities being used and hence the inaccuracy in measurements. Perhaps I could have arranged the titration to have bigger titres, which would reduce errors by using larger quantities such as a higher concentration for the standardized solution. In addition, there was also some splattering/loss of the acidic solution being titrated into the basic solution, as it came into contact with the edges and surface of the flask, which in turn, presumably initiated errors in volume measurements.Also, this means that not all of the acid that was added reacted efficiently with the basic solution mixed with methyl orange indicator. Moreover, there could have been impurities in the basic solution itself and as well as the indicator causing a higher reading than the theoretical value of concentration. The leakage that resulted from the stock cock may have caused the HCl to alter slightly in content because of the reaction with some of the chemicals in the external environment (air). There was also some residue that could have been left behind in the basic flask when I washed it with distilled water after the neutralization of each trial. Perhaps drying it could have made a difference instead of leaving it wet.Maybe some of the neutralized solution was left behind after I washed out the flask, and it mixed with the tiny water droplets also left behind in the flask. Before I started the next trial, it could have interfered with that titration and provide inaccuracy. Another error to mention is getting the exact endpoint during the titration. The indicator could have ranged from different shades of red (starting with orange) but I assumed that the moment it turned a standard red colour, it was finished. In addition, I could mention that I may not have properly swirled the solutions before beginning the titration process to make sure nothing (residue) settles at the bottom.This could have impacted the inaccurate colour change of the indicator in the neutralization and hence unknown standard colour. I also kept on adding drops when the solution was already a red colour towards the end. However, this may have either darkened or lightened the colour too much in an effort to change the precision of the indicator colour at the equivalence point or end point . Finally, at some moments, I was in a hurry to finish titrating, and so I may have flushed out the acid in large amounts. I realize that near the neutralization point, the acid must be released in drops. However, for the third trial, I did sort of flush out a large amount of the acid and therefore could have missed the neutralization point which could cause errors in results.

George Orwell's Articles Is Good for College Students Essay

George Orwell's Articles Is Good for College Students - Essay Example First and foremost, it should be admitted that George Orwell in his essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† applies to the serious politic theme. Such implication can be regarded as a helping hand for present-day students in understanding the past social and historical issues. Orwell constructs his essay regarding the rules of imperialism and including the peculiarities of this political system. It is relevant to begin with the setting of the story that takes place in Burma (Orwell, 214). The author uses â€Å"images and portrayal of imperialism of Britain during their imperial era† (Fakhrana, n.p.) The narrator represents â€Å"imperialism as an evil thing† and himself as â€Å"all for the Burmese and all against the oppressor† (Orwell, 215). To such extent, it is relevant to mention that Orwell strongly sentence imperialism as a political system and all its rules are viewed as ridiculous and even absurd. It can be suggested that imperialism is regarded as a state policy that humiliates the occupied people with the lowering of their social status in their own country (Cummings, n.p.). Moreover, according to the principles of imperialism occupies are in need to make not morally correct and even cruel decisions for the sake of demonstration of their power under the occupied people. All cruelty and brutality of imperialistic rules are presented through the entire essay. The matter is that the officer has been in need to kill the elephant as people have been looking at him and he has no right to show the indulgence or note of weakness in his character. The second issue that is important to mention is the raising of serious eternal themes through the essay. It is impossible to overestimate the significance of such themes in relation to experience that students can gain through reading this essay. The author includes to the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† such an

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Paraphrase and improve presenting style - Essay Example The sources of these sounds are categorized in relation to their engagement of the basis of molecular formation; solids, liquids and gasses. Background: In terms of pitch and frequency discrimination tasks, human performance has been intensively researched with its primary focus upon the duration of repetitive wavecycles. These studies concluded that an individuals’ increasing exposure to wavecycles subsequently increases their performance. This revelation would contribute to the understanding of the evolution of animal’s communicative sounds, particularly from single-pulse resonances which became repetitive expressions of the same stimulus. A study conducted by Hsieh and Saberi (2007) found that an increase in performance coincided with the lengths of exposure duration, where increasing exposure increased performance. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect repetition has upon human performance, particularly how the number of exposure periods to a damped sinusoid and double damped sinusoids increases the individuals’ performances. The experimenter then compared the effect on individuals’ performances, focusing between damped and double damped sinusoids. Method: Ten participants with average auditory abilities were recruited from a single population; the staff and students of the university. The experimenters exposed the subjects to an increasing number of periods (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16) of a damped and double damped sinusoid. They accomplished this by using â€Å"a three alternative forced choice method and a one up three down adaptive procedure stair case† in conjunction with the examination of the Just Noticeable Difference threshold in the subject’s ability to discriminate the exposure to varying frequencies. The experimenters labeled the samples in this study as â€Å"looks†, as their multiple-look models would collectively account for the collected data which came from the temporal

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WRITING HISTORY - Essay Example This was seen as a breakthrough in the rather fraught racial history that had galvanized America since its inception. Who would think of the election two years back? The election of Obama is historical as it opened a chance and possibilities for the country and the world in general. This was a defining moment for America as people even outside America changed their general perception about the Americans. Additionally, the election of Obama in the November 4th polls was a peak point for the electoral process in the US hence being a trademark for the post-civil rights revolution (CNN, 2010). Thus, historically, it can be affirmed that the significance is big. This was no more the republican versus the democrat dialogue but more of the moment when the struggles of the black will be alleviated. This in essence was unprecedented victory that blew away the 400 years of black slavery as well as legal segregation and institutional racism that has over time shadowed the progress and gains mad e by the American populace (CNN, 2010). The other historical event can be alluded to be the 2008 global recession that had wide impacts in terms of financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-30 (CNN, 2010). Early 2008, there were signs of serious crisis in the offing. This would be marked by the sharp drop in the profits that were made by Citigroup bank and consequently a fall on the New York Stock Exchange. This would then be followed by very sharp fall in share prices in all the major world markets. Massive losses would then be registered by American and European banks in the end of 2007 financial year (CNN, 2010). The following months would then witness the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the take-over of Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sacks and Morgan Stanley moving to seek banking status so as to be protected from any form of bankruptcy. This recession was historical as it called for desperate measures in the extra-ordinary times, with the US employing the most

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MGMT402 U4 DB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT402 U4 DB - Assignment Example However, this will be varying based on the nature of offense and when it is done. For a first offender, there will be a monetary fine of $250-$2,000 per each illegal immigrant employed. For a second offense, the fine increased to between $2,000 and $5,000 per. However, stiffer penalties might be imposed on the third and subsequent offenders who might be eventually sentenced to up to six moths in jail. I support this penalty because it is justified (Massey, 2007). In this regard, it is my considered opinion that Patricia should be keen to ensure that she does not face the same penalty. In her restaurant, she should ensure that she is privy with her workers’ immigration status to ascertain if there are illegal or legitimate. Only legitimate ones should be hired in her restaurant. As an employer, she should make efforts to know if her employees are legally permitted to work in the country. This can be done by checking their social security numbers. Otherwise, she would have to face the wrath of this

Recruit Requirements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recruit Requirements - Assignment Example The applicant further needs to have a valid driver’s license and successfully pass Physical Abilities Test (PAT), Polygraph examination, ad psychological examination (Florida highway patrol: 65th anniversary 1939-2004, 2005). They must be a citizen of United States aged 21 years or older. They should possess a High School Diploma or GED. They should also not have visible tattoos on their bodies when wearing standard uniform of the day. They should not have used any illegal drugs whatsoever for a period of not less than 3 years of making application or after they have attained 30 years of age. The applicant should also demonstrate good moral character and have no felony convictions, arrests or other law enforcement engagements entailing perjury, false statements, or criminal traffic offences. Other qualification include six months free of tobacco use and must have successfully passed investigation tests and polygraph examination (Gee, 2014). A contrasts of the requirements for Florida State Police and join Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office reveal a lot of similarity. However, an officer at sheriff’s office must be at least 21 years old as compared to 19 years age required for the state police. Also, while both of state police and sheriff’s office insists on physical qualifications, the former pays a lot of attention on this qualification. This is evidenced by the limited number of female employees in these department who find the training to be excessively rigorous. However, due to the nurture of their engagement and their expansive jurisdictional coverage, it is necessary for the state police to be a notch higher than their state counterparts when it comes to physical fitness. It is under the discretion of the physician conducting PAT to determine that the applicant meets the physical requirements necessary to perform the basic functions that appertains to the

Trustes Tropiques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trustes Tropiques - Assignment Example The writer organized a barter exchange in order to count them. The natives had neither written language nor drawing skills. The writer gave them sheets of paper and pencil which ate first they did nothing with them. They later used them to draw wavy and horizontal line trying to emulate the writer (Strauss 1279). Their chief seemed to have grasped the purpose of writing because he requested for a writing-pad and continued. Each time the writer could ask a question, the chief would draw wavy lines on paper and hand them over before giving a verbal commentary. The writer together with the chief was to exchange some goods. The chief took advantage to surprise his natives and convince them that he was an intermediary agent for the exchange of the goods and that he was in coalition with the white man and shared his secrets (Strauss 1280).Writing had been adopted in Nambikwara. It was a way of increasing authority and prestige rather than acquiring knowledge as it a social symbol and not f or intellectual purpose (Strauss 1281). Chief used it acquire prestige at the expense of his natives.In conclusion, writing is a strange invention because its emergence brought about positive effects to human existence. Writing brings forth ability to conserve knowledge, organize the present and predict the future. Writing has led to the expansion in the field of science. Although writing is beneficial to mankind, it is said that, during Neolithic age, man made a great move without the aid of writing.

The impact of employee participation in decision making on job Research Proposal

The impact of employee participation in decision making on job satisfaction - Research Proposal Example In the last section, the questionnaire for the primary survey is given. The dependent variable is job satisfaction. It is defined as the positive feeling or emotion resulting from the appraisal of an employee about how much his needs are fulfilled from the present work role and place( Wagner,1994;Bhatti and Qureshi,2007 etc). Hence, job satisfaction results from many factors like the nature of responsibilities assigned to the employee, balance between life and work to the employee, autonomy for the job , affection orientation towards the organization where the employee is working, attitude of colleagues etc. Therefore, job satisfaction is measured in terms of two major indicators in this study, the job functionality and organizational fit following many studies like Verma (1995), Wagner (1994), Scott etal(2003),Bhatti and Qureshi(2007) etc. Job functionality includes questions on job responsibilities, job life balance and job autonomy. Organizational fit includes questions on trust in the organization, trust in other employees; support from colleagues and authorities, and motivation for work. All these questions are on a scale 0 to 4.. Employee participation is defined as sharing of influence among persons who are otherwise hierarchically unequal (Bhatti and Qureshi, 2007, p3) . It includes involving both managers and their subordinates in decision-making, information processing and problem solving processes as well as making a balance between the involvements of both. Hence, the attitude of management and influence of employees at workplace are two important indicators of employee participation. Therefore, employee participation is measured in terms of these two indicators attitudes to current job and influence at workplace. The attitudes to current job include questions like performance and attitude of management as well as employee involvement

Major issues in second language classroom research Essay Example for Free

Major issues in second language classroom research Essay Chapter one is all about the major issues in second language instruction that arose during classroom research. There are four general issues concerning the effectiveness of the classroom instruction that was mentioned. The first issue is entitled â€Å"Learning from instruction† which concerns Krashen’s extensive analysis of the role of instruction within his framework of interpreting L2 acquisition, wherein he views the effects of instruction as limited, however: the classroom should function to provide the learner with comprehensible target language (TL) input in an affectively supportive climate. The second issue is entitled â€Å"Teacher talk† the main goal of this research has been to determine what makes teacher talk an aid to learning, the initial approach of this research has been to describe the features of L2 teacher talk which distinguish it from speech to L2 learners in non instructional settings. The third issue is entitled â€Å"learner behavior†, both the teacher and the learners have been investigated not only their linguistic behavior but their learning strategies and social interactions with other learners have been the target of research. Some researchers have placed great emphasis on finding out whether the learners are viewed as being in control of their own learning. The last issue is entitled †Interaction in the classroom †, interaction is viewed as significant because it is argued that 1) only through interaction can the learner decompose the TL structures and derive meaning from classroom events, 2) interaction gives learners the opportunities to incorporate TL structures into their own speech. In chapter one the four major issues were introduced, because in the chapters that will follow, each chapter will treat the issues just outlined in greater detail. Chapter 2: Classroom research methods. Chapter two presents the principal studies and concepts that have elaborated the methodology for observing and analyzing classroom instruction and interaction. Several approaches were mentioned in this chapter, majority of it is the methodological approaches. Methodological approaches to the study of L2 classrooms are extremely varied, reflecting both a great diversity of research questions and purposes, and a range of theoretical perspectives on the conduct of research. There is a continuous give-and-take between the success and failures of quantitative and qualitative approaches to portray and explain precisely the processes and products of classroom interactions. These approaches have followed methods adopted by researchers in native language schooling or other sociological and sociolinguistic studies of communicative interaction. In this chapter these methods were described with regard to their capacity to extract and validate generalizations about social and linguistic processes occurring in L2 classrooms. Chapter 3: Teacher talk in second language classrooms Chapter three surveys research on the linguistic and discourse characteristics of teacher speech to L2 learners. This chapter reviews research that has investigated second language classrooms in terms of teacher’s language use in the classroom, especially the characteristic features that differentiate speech to nonnative speakers from that to native speakers. It was also mentioned here the four modifications in teacher speech which are: first is the modifications of speech rate, prosody, phonology, wherein the researchers that were involved , found teacher’s speech to second language learners to be slower, in comparison with other contexts and conditions. Second is the modifications of vocabulary, where they claim that both non teachers and teachers tend to use a more basic set of vocabulary items in their narratives told to L2 learners. Third is the modifications of syntax, it is by far one of the most investigated and quantified characteristics of teacher talk has been teacher’s syntactic modifications. These can be grouped into five types: measures of length of utterances, measures of subordination, measures of markedness, measures of grammaticality, and measures of distribution of sentence types. And the last one is the modification of discourse, which has two categories: the framing moves, where the only significant difference in framing moves was that visiting teachers used more, compared with the regular teachers. The second category is the self-repetition, where on the assumption that repetitions may provide the learner with more opportunities to process information or follow the teacher’s model. In this review, a variety of teacher behaviors have been described and compared across different contexts. Chapter 4: Learner behavior in second language classrooms Chapter four reviews research on the characteristics of learner behavior- participation and speech. They consider research on the contribution of the learner acquisition of a second language. Classroom researchers have focused on learner’s verbal and social interactions and have inferred learning strategies from learner’s behavior in such interactions. There were also hypotheses in the data and tentative conclusions about relationships to learning that are described in this chapter. These hypotheses will form the basis for organizing the results of studies on learner behavior. Research on learner’s classroom behaviors addressed several major hypotheses. In addition, a final section of this chapter examines studies of learner’s learning strategies, a relatively recent area of investigations in second language classroom research. As for learner strategies, there are clearly fruitful topics for further research. It is evident that the strategies identified to date constitute a very mixed set of phenomena, not all of which can be investigated under classroom conditions. Chapter 5: Teacher and student interaction in second language classrooms Chapter five describes research on teacher-leaner interaction. In this chapter several of the factors that have been considered to influence the quality and quantity of teacher-student interaction are examined. The interaction which occurs as a result of these factors is described, and some of the likely consequences of the interaction for learners are suggested. In the view of many researchers and practitioners, conversation and instructional exchanges between teacher and students provide the best opportunities for the learners to exercise target skills, to test out their hypotheses about the target language, and to get useful feedback. The classroom research has shown that teachers may be less likely to address L2 learners when they are mixed with native speakers. It has also been revealed that teacher’s different questioning strategies may be either helpful for inhibiting of communication in classrooms. The greatest error teachers make may be the assumption that what occurs as †correction† in the classroom interaction automatically leads to learning on the part of the student. The nature of interaction in L2 classrooms is perhaps the most critical issue concerning formal second language learning, and although the research cited in this chapter suggests important ways in which current instructional practice may be both effective for and detrimental to promotion of TL skills, the complete picture remains to be developed. Chapter 6: Learning outcomes Chapter six draws together all of the foregoing research, as well as other studies, to determine the state of knowledge about learning outcomes resulting from teacher’s and learner’s classroom interaction. This chapter will review research on L2 classroom processes that have a potentially positive effects on learner’s perception and incorporation of the forms and functions of the target language. It should be clear that there is substance to the view that classroom instruction will aid L2 acquisition. The direction of results in the few large-scale classroom studies favors slightly a focus on form or explicit talk about grammar. Research on outcomes of learner production and teacher-learner interaction, suggests furthermore that other factors in classroom learning may contribute greatly to acquisition. Some of these factors may underline or interact with the effects noted in this section. The research reviewed here concerning the TL learning effects of interaction in L2 classrooms is limited in its conclusions, yet highly suggestive for further research. But still there are many research that remained unsolved, but hope that in the future many of these will be once and for all solved. Chapter 7: Directions for research and teaching As the last chapter it is obvious that the major findings of the research will be summarized, and that implications for further research and teaching in second language classrooms will be suggested. Despite the increase of classroom-oriented research in recent years, few can be made with great confidence because of the difficulty of synthesizing. When all the research has been carefully analyze it has been shown that research is lacking in consistent measures of classroom processes and products. Sometimes inadequate in design to address critical research question. It is also incomplete in its quantitative or qualitative analysis, which leads to a need of greater theoretical specification of the constructs and relationships to be investigated. A discussion of these methodological issues is to be carried out before any future directions are suggested. In this chapter it was also pointed out the areas for future research on classroom reading, outline major implications for curriculum planning and L2 instruction, and lastly to suggest ways of achieving greater consistency across classroom research studies. The reason of pointing these out is because, it makes it more easier for future researchers to find answers. Summary Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing attempt in research on teaching and learning from instruction to relate the major features of teacher and student behavior in classrooms to learning outcomes. The research in this book deals with the nature of the teacher and student behavior in real classroom. Using this set up , researchers were able to observe and analyze what is really the nature of the teacher and the student’s behavior. They were able to determine what are the factors that can affect a L2 learner in acquiring language. They were focused on the learning and acquisition of the L2. In the first chapter, they discussed the major issues that arose during the research. The chapters that follows, the primary research studied is that conducted in L2 classrooms, in simulations of language classrooms, or in semi-instructional, tutoring interactions between teachers or L2 speakers and language learners. Many theories, hypotheses and approaches were formed and used in these research. But there was a memo in the start of the chapter, it says that the fact that this book is reviewing research on the preceding issues does not guarantee that the research will provide unambiguous answers to them. It’s because the research that was done in this book has not yet been proven to be accurate. The purpose of this book has been to attempt to elucidate the critical issues and findings of research in and about second language classrooms. While the studies reviewed here clearly are not always as rigorous or convincing as we would like, the past ten years of classroom-oriented research is impressive in the breadth and depth of study of a variety of issues, when virtually every study was groundbreaking in one respect or another- methodology, research questions, population studied, analytical techniques applied. At the same time, second language instruction has been gaining importance, as more people throughout the world find the need to acquire one or more second languages. There is diversification in the specific purposes of language instruction, an increase in language schools and programs, and an expansion in training programs for second language teachers, researchers, and program developers. For these reasons alone, second language classroom research has an important role to play. Reflection I think this book is quite the catch. Especially if you are an English major like me. This book helped me to understand a bit more the importance of second language acquisition. I already know from my ESL/EFL class that learning a second language is important, but this book made me realize that acquiring a second language will be very advantageous for me. Because if I learn my second language perfectly, I know that I will be more confident in myself. And that I can be globally competitive. This book does not only talk about second language acquisition, it also talks about classroom-oriented research. In the classroom-oriented research they tackled the nature of the teacher and the behavior of the students. They wanted to know what are the factors that affect the L2 leaner in acquiring language and how can they overcome these if they were to be problems, and how can they improve it if it were a solutions. In this book there were also hypotheses theories, and approaches that were formed and used. The setting that was used is the classroom, and that the main subjects are the teachers and the learners. This book is a big help in understanding second language acquisition. Although some words are a bit hard to understand , I will still recommend this book to anyone who is interested in learning and acquiring a second language. And also to my fellow majors, because I know this book will be a big help in our studies.

NewEgg Essay Example for Free

NewEgg Essay NewEgg. com is the fastest computer software and hardware retailer online store. Newegg. com is a leading e-retailer committed to becoming the most loved and trusted marketplace on the web by offering superior shopping experience, rapid delivery, and stellar customer service. NewEgg. com was founded by Fred Chang in 2001 running operation in California. As today NewEgg. com has more than 11 million registered users and has managed to gain their trust as the customer gets excellent service, fast process and delivery. Newegg. com has implemented a tracking system that allows them to fulfill and process orders, allocate parts needed in a fast and organized way to save time. The system makes an accurate forecast that let them know to refill their inventory and workload as needed. Once the order gets entered the system labels and assigns a tote that moves on a conveyor system to a pick up area where parts get scanned along the tote and order gets filled. By doing so it keeps the inventory controlled and parts bins get refilled as inventory gets low. The company reduces the operational cost by monitoring orders and work loads, if an area gets busy its easy for the managers to re assign operators to move and reduce the work load in that area. Conveyors not in used the systems stops the automatically to save energy. UPS and FedEx make almost 10 stops a day bringing parts and making pick ups to deliver customers. High percentage of orders gets processed and leaves facilities within the same day and makes it to the customer by the second business days and just about the 10 percentage the customer gets it by the third day.

The Concept To The Contemporary Security Agenda Politics Essay

The Concept To The Contemporary Security Agenda Politics Essay Is the concept of human security, which is the most controversial and debated issue in international organizations since 1994, simply hot air, as seen by its critics? Or does it contribute to the concept of contemporary security agenda where the whole world is increasingly interconnected (Paris, 2001). This paper introduces to the international theories which can help understand human security better and the extent to which human security contributes the contemporary security agenda. There is no single definition of human security as human security goes beyond traditional notions of security to focus on such issues as development and respect for human rights. Definition of human security remains an open question. The simplest definition of security is absence of insecurity and threats (Shahrbanou, 2004 cited in McIntosh, Hunter, 2004: 139). In context, to have security is to have freedom from both fear of psychological, physical or sexual abuse and from want of food, employment and health. Human security therefore deals with the capacity to identify threats and to avoid them when possible. It means to help people cope with the insecurities resulting from wars, conflicts human rights, violations or massive underdevelopment (Owen, 2004: 15). The on-going debate of human security among its advocates is that there should be a shift of attention from a state centric to a human centric approach to security. That is, concern with the security of state orders should give way to concern with the security of the people who live within those borders (McDonald, 2002: 279). Traditionally, in state- centric or realist view security means protection of sovereignty and territorial integrity of states from external military threats, rather than the protection of individuals (Newman, 2010: 85). By contrast human centric or liberalist view places individuals at their main priority and proposes some essential conditions, for example adoption of universal human rights to ensure the protection of the people. Thus in 1970s and 1980s, people responding to the Middle East oil crisis and the growing awareness of environmental degradation, began to think of security in broader, non- military terms. After the end of the Cold War, many scholars st arted to see state- centric security as essentially in narrow terms (Hough, 2004).Thus the concept of human security developed which attempted to redefine and expand the meaning of security. However, it does not challenge the relevance of state- centric arguments in so far as these concern the protection of the state from external military violence and accept the state as the main provider of security. Some analysts still argue that external military threats are bigger than ever in the post-Cold War era as there is no balance of power which for years ensured state and individual security (Hough, 2004). However, even if these threats are bigger at the moment, they definitely are not the only threat to the lives of people all around the world. Issues like environmental degradation, diseases, and famines are also huge threats affecting people (Shahrbanou, 2005: 30). Constructivism is also one of the theories in international relations which can be adopted as way of interpreting human security. It provides a useful framework for understanding the true nature of issues relating to human security such as race, class, violence and gender (Conteh-Morgan, 2005 cited in Tsai, 2009: 28). Constructivism can be found to be more beneficial in approaching the concept of human security, in contrast to structural realism. Constructivism believes that language, customs, norms and culture can change the behaviours and interests of people living in that country. Unlike realism, which sees anarchy as the inescapable outcome of self-help, constructivism sees it as state created which can be changed by state intervention (Wendt, 1992 cited in Tsai, 2009: 24). Onuf stresses on language and the role that plays in constructing human beings, interests and principles. He considers language and rules as the fundamental norm of constructivism, and regards the human being as the first point of research and the hub of human security. In the contemporary world with the growing knowledge, language has become one of the key elements of building human security. Onuf also stated that people use language to interpret the rules and therefore it is the most important way of constructing a society (Onuf, 1989). For instance, the on-going interaction of human society has been eventually generated into international norms (Bedeski, 2007: 46). Peter J. Katzenstein also challenges the traditional realist theories of security by emphasising the norms and culture of constructivism as his main concern in solving the human security issue in international relations theories. He states that the concept of culture defines the state actors in the system and the intera ctive associations among actors and society. Katzenstein asserts that culture can be defined by looking at the social customs and laws of that society (Katzenstein 2005: 6). For example, Due to the lack of knowledge of internal factors within the Soviet Union, neo-realism and neo-liberalism failed to predict the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. Thus culture can play a major role in influencing state actors, institutions and even respect for international law and human rights. More recently, analysts, following the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP) 1994 Human Development Report and their notion of security as freedom from fear and want (Hough, 2004), have settled on the phrase human security to emphasise the people-centred aspect of these efforts. In 1994, Human Development Report (HDR) issued by the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) presented a different philosophy about the integration of security issues and globalization. Thus, this report defined human security according to seven dimensions such as economic security, environmental security; personal, political, community, health, and food security .The report also adopted a people-centric security concept instead of the traditional state-centred concept (UNDP, 1994: 24-33). Realist would contend that the above list has clear military security implications. The report makes it clear that the real security protects individuals from threats such as disease, hunger, unemployment, politi cal oppression and environmental degradation (Tsai and Tan, 2007: 8-9). Due to the broadness of the concept, the human security includes both traditional and non-traditional elements of security (Paris, 2001: 88). On the contrary, to the critics, the concept and definition provided by UNDP is very broad. Gary King and Christopher Murray criticizes the overly broad and understanding of human security. By broad it means trying to include all the well-beings, which makes no sense. For example, the seven dimensions of human security defined by UNDP indicates a ray of dimensions centred on human-dignity, which are potentially interrelated and overlapped, and fails to provide a coherent construction with a single and integrated concept'(King Murray, 2002). For Roland Paris human security is nothing more than hot air. In his view those who support the concept of human security are the ones who want to keep the broadness and fuzziness of the concept just for their motive (Paris, 2001). Lincoln Chen has a similar opinion as well. In his view the concept is so wide and broad that it is difficult to make a choice which threat should be taken as first priority and which can be neglected (Chen Narasimhan , 2003). Deriving from the UNDPs interpretation of the human security concept and putting aside the differences between state-centric and human-centric positions for the moment, the meaning of human security is also contested by different schools of human security. The dispute over types of threats that should be included has divided advocates into the narrow and the broad schools. Mack, an advocate of narrow school, argues that threat of violence to people by the state or any other institution or a political actor is the proper focus for the concept of human security. On the other hand, Thakur a proponent of broad theory, asserts that human security is concerned with the protection of people from critical life-threatening dangers, regardless of whether the threat are rooted in anthropogenic activities or natural events, whether they lie within or outside states, and whether they are direct or definition of narrow school can be simplified as freedom from fear, similarly broad school can be de fined as freedom from fear but also from want which is also the focus of human development in UNDP Report (UNDP, 1993: 2). Japan promotes the human security idea of freedom from want whereas Norway, Canada and other members of the human security network promotes freedom from fear (Shinoda, 2007, Dedring, 2008 cited in Tsai, 2009).Thus Kofi Annan has pointed out the three pillars of this wider conception of human security, freedom from want, freedom from fear, and freedom to live in dignity. However, the differences between the two conceptions of human security can be exaggerated, as both perceive the individual as the main object of the security and stresses on safety from violence. Both of them even acknowledges the role of globalization and its changing nature of armed conflict that is generating new threats to human security, besides both calls for a rethinking of state sovereignty as an important part of promoting human security. Therefore, both the concepts overlap each other as here to a large extent. Seeking freedom from fear without addressing freedom from want would amount to addressing symptoms without the cause (Baylis, Smith, Owins, 2011: 483). With the on-going wars, conflicts and problems, human security also deals with issues like climatic change and environmental degradation as everything is interconnected with one another. Death caused by armed conflicts has declined in relation to other challenges to the safety of individual. Wars and violent conflict often leads to environmental degradation, economic disruption or levels of poverty. For example Vietnam War or the Gulf War in which Saddam Hussein burned Kuwaiti oil which ultimately led to air pollution and land degradation. Similarly, environmental problems also lead to wars and conflicts. Such as scarcity of resources in over populated countries like India, Pakistan leads to dispute. For example Indo- Pakistan dispute over the Wular Barrage. While no direct link can be found between terrorism and poverty, terrorists often exploit poverty and exclusion in order to tap into popular discontent -taking advantage of fragile states such as Somalia, or undemocratic regime s uch as Afghanistan in the 1990s, to plan violence'(UNDP 2005: 47). Poverty and lack of economic opportunity can also lead to terrorism. For example, Orissa in India is the perfect example of how poverty deprivation can trigger acts of terrorism, signifying how freedom from fear and freedom from want are intricately connected (Baylis, Smith, Owins, 2011: 486). In the contemporary world climatic change or natural disasters has also emerged as a human security agenda especially for the western countries. Potential disasters like global warming or tsunami pose a threat to individuals and societies around the world. Most scholars tend to view this challenge as a national security challenge rather than human security. However, climate change and natural disasters can be linked to human securities issues like state failure, food shortage, water crisis, which are genuine human security issues. Communicable disease like the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which alarmed the whole world in 2003 became the main issue of concern in the human security agenda (Curley, Thomas, 2004: 18). Diseases can travel rapidly across borders. It has become a major global issue and no country can protect the human security of individuals and communities within its national borders on its own. Another issue which falls under human security is protection of wo men against violence, womens human rights, gender inequalities in control over resource or inequalities in power and decision making. Recent conflicts have shown women as victims of rape, sexual slavery and torture. Such violence against women is now recognised as a crime against humanity (Rehn, Sirleaf 2002 cited in Baylis, Smith, Owins, 2011: 488). The aspect of human security has become irresistible nowadays .It deals with so many issues and it is so broad that it includes almost all type of human securities even if it is criticised over and over again. Weather viewed as freedom from fear or freedom from want, the concept of human security has not replaced national security. The Human Development Report estimates the rich countries of the world spend more in the military budget than in contentious issues like HIV/AIDS. However, it reflects a number of developments that have constantly challenged the traditional view of security as the protection of states from military attack. It originally began as a rejection of orthodox notions of economic growth in favour of a broader notion of human development, but now has been reinforced by new security threats such as genocide in the Balkans and Africa (Baylis, Smith, Owins, 2011: 491). Human Security has grown into an important aspect in the contemporary security agenda. Responsibility to protect is an issue that supports human security and its three practical objectives, the responsibility to prevent, reach and rebuild. It was developed in the 2001 report The Responsibility to Protect which was produced by Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. The commission argued that the primary responsibility to protect their citizens is in the hands of the state. If a state is unable or unwilling to do so or if they deliberately terrify their citizen then this leads to the international responsibility to protect the citizens of that particular state through humanitarian intervention. Development of this agenda for human security through the Right to Protection agenda is a point of debate and some contention (Gottwald, 2012: 9). Humanitarian intervention to protect state sovereignty is one of the most important attribute of human security. The concept of humanitarian intervention was endorsed by the report of the UN Secretary Generals High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change. It was developed to help the state and its citizens from any threats external or internal. Despite the valuable articulation of such responsibility, Humanitarian intervention can always not be justified. An intervention can be manipulated and inevitably shaped by powerful actors. Skilled lawyers or diplomats can convince arguments, both for and against particular interventions, like they did in the case of Darfur (Bellamy 2010). Just by accepting the idea of human security and treating it positively, the state cannot be benefitted. They have to make certain effort to implement the human security concerns in its political practices (McDonald, 2002).Canadian government made the same move and exploited the state human security aspect. Canadas middle power status in the world system indicates that accepting the security theory of such agrees basically with its national interests. Based on the claims of Jockel and Sololsky, Canadas acceptance of the idea of human security altered the political nature of intervention. The Canadian government have continued to intervene in the name of human security anytime anywhere (Newman, 2001). As some scholars have already noted, there is risk in confusing the pursuit of human security concerns with the pursuit of traditional security concerns. NATO intervention in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with as said was for the objective of preventing ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. However Ramesh Thakur argues that, it is still questionable that whether this intervention actually produced more damage than benefit (Thakur, 2002 cited in Glusac, 2010: 90).Noam Chomsky shares a similar view and sharply criticises the war against Yugoslavia. He believes that the bombing campaign only hastened the flow of refugees from Kosovo. The consequences of bombing campaign included the collateral damage in the form of refugees and long-term damage caused to the economy, which caused a creation of a state which ultimately became dependent on foreign aid. Multiple refuges, broken infrastructure, damage incurred by economy were the direct consequences of the bombing campaign (Chomsky, 1999: 81). Keeping this in mind, its difficult to say that the goal of human security was reached by this intervention. If we recall the seven dimension of human security that was pointed out in the Human Development Report, we can draw a conclusion that the bombing campaign has affected almost all of them, and surely not favourably. US invasion of Iraq can be another example of humanitarian intervention. Although US intentions for invasion were always unclear but when the post invasion period accelerated into the chaos the US raised the human security agenda as a justification for the war in Iraq, arguing that the US aim was to rescue the people of Iraq from the human insecurities caused by Saddam Hussein. However even USA did little to restore law and order through implementing pol justice procedure (Collins, 2007: 130). Therefore, if the goal of an intervention is to protect the human security and the avenue to achieve these goals are the same that affect the human security, then the question that should be asked here is whether we have chosen the wrong means. To conclude, Human security can be best understood under liberalists and constructivists theories. Realism therefore cannot be considered as the dominant theory of security. Human security has a long way to go before being universally accepted by everybody. The connections between wars, famines, disease, poverty and environmental degradation are still not understood by many, thus needs more clarification and explanation. Data from the Human Security Report Project shows there has been a remarkable decline in internal and global political violence since the mid-1990. If the world had to do without such aspect of human security, it would have been fairly difficult to deal the with the on-going security problems.

Thw Cold War Essay example -- essays research papers

The Cold War as it is called was a war that started because of tensions between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The tensions that developed were primarily over military, political, cultural and social ideas that varied greatly between the two nations. Each Nation and its allies developed a distrust that would last for many years and introduce new military and political methods that would shape our future. The Cold War was not a war as we would think with destruction and loss of life. What the Cold War became was distrust between Nations that caused conflict and tension between these nations. The two major countries involved in the conflict were the United States and the Soviet Union. Both of these nations distrusted each other and were unable to negotiate the issues that were fostering the Cold War because of the distrust that they had for each other. The United States and its allies were concerned that Russia was a communist county, ruled by a dictator who cared little about human rights The United States accused the Soviet Union of seeking to expand their version of communism throughout the world. Brittan and the United States (Led by President Truman) wanted to help Germany recover and to prevent large areas of Europe from coming under Communist control. They did not trust USSR since Stalin had signed the Nazi Soviet pact in 1939.Russia believed America was a capitalist democracy, which valued freedom. Stalin wanted reparations from G...

An Overview of Indigenous Culture in the Amazonian Floodplains Essay

The Amazon Basin has long been occupied by indigenous populations. Those populations that live closest to the basin, in the lo west elevations, are subject to the extreme seasonal changes. Social order, therefore, is shaped largely by the fluctuations of the seasons and of the river. There are two seasons, one wet and one dry. Issues concerning shelter, transportation, food, and social interaction are largely determined by the seasons. Creative expression – mythology, religion, celebration, and visual art – are rooted in nature. The wet season, lasting approximately from January to June, involves the flooding of the Amazon River. People are forced to travel by canoe, for there is no dry ground in their communities. Ho wever, because it is difficult and uncomfortable to move around, social interaction outside of the household is largely limited during this time. People spend much of their time in hammocks (one of the indigenous inventions), where they might repair clothing or tools. Crops cannot be grown during this time, and fishing is much more difficult, so people tend to lose ...

Bad Day Dawning :: essays research papers

That we can learn a lot about a man from the books and films he chooses is borne out by Timothy McVeigh. One of his favorite films: the 1984 Patrick Swayze epic Red Dawn. It follows a group of small town teens' conversion to guerilla fighters when a foreign army invades America. Like McVeigh, the teens stock up on survival gear - mainly guns and ammo - in order to defend their country from annihilation. And one of McVeigh's favorite books: The Turner Diaries written by former American Nazi Party honcho William L. Pierce, under the pen name Andrew Macdonald. Its hero - Earl Turner - responds to gun control by making a truck bomb and blowing up the Washington FBI Building. Two scenarios - all too familiar. It was April 19, 1995 - a perfect, sun-drenched Oklahoma morning in springtime. Against a perfect blue-sky background, a yellow Ryder Rental truck carefully made its way through the streets of downtown Oklahoma City. Just after 9 am, the vehicle pulled into a parking area outside the Alfred P. Murrah Building and the driver stepped down from the truck's cab and casually walked away. A few minutes later, at 9:02, all hell broke loose as the truck's deadly 4000-pound cargo blasted the government building with enough force to shatter one third of the seven-story structure to bits. Glass, concrete, and steel rained down. Indiscriminately mixed in the smoldering rubble were adults and children alive and dead. The perpetrator, twenty-seven-year-old Timothy James McVeigh, by now safely away from the devastation was convinced he acted to defend the Constitution, for he saw himself as crusader, warrior avenger and hero. But in reality, he was little more than a misguided coward. He never even heard clearly the sound of the initial sirens of emergency vehicles rushing to the scene. Because, blocks away, he was wearing earplugs to protect himself from the roar of a blast so powerful it lifted pedestrians off the ground. One Japanese tourist no stranger to powerful earthquakes called the blast "worse than the worst quake. Because there was no initial warning, no noise to say 'something terrible is going to happen'; it just hit." When it did, a massive ball of fire momentarily outshone the sun and the north side of the building disintegrated. Traffic signs and parking meters were ripped from the pavement. Glass shattered and flew like bullets, targeting and maiming pedestrians blocks away. Inside the broken building, survival depended on location at zero hour.

Elasticity on Demand, Breakeven Analysis and Pricing Decisions Essay

When a firm changes prices, the effect on profits is more important than the effect on revenue. There is a simple formula to calculate the critical Price Elasticity of demand which is just sufficient to maintain the contribution to overheads and profits. This will be greater than that required to maintain revenue. A common issue in business and in business studies is whether a firm should change the prices at which products are offered. The calculations begin with estimates of the reaction of customers to the new prices. This reaction is represented as Price Elasticity of Demand (PED), the ratio of the proportionate changes in volume and price. Students are always told – and some students even remember that Elastic Demand (PED >1) means more revenue from a lower price and less from a higher one; and Inelastic Demand (PED But who wants the same revenue with lower profits? Any change in price will have a much bigger impact, proportionately, on the contribution per item for the firm than on the asking price to the customer. It follows that an increase in price may succeed in raising profits, even though revenue falls; and that a lower price may reduce profits even though revenue increases. So the critical question is not whether the PED is greater or less than one, but whether it is sufficiently high (for a lower price) or sufficiently low (for a price increase) to improve profits. The critical level of PED can be found by an application of breakeven analysis. We can take the current level of contribution to overheads and profit; and ask what the volume (units sold) must be to give the same level of contribution at the alternative price. Having found this critical volume, we can then compute what the PED would be to give us this volume at the new price, compared with the existing price and quantity. This then will be the Critical Price Elasticity of Demand (CPED). If we are raising prices, any PED less than CPED will increase profits; if we are lowering price, we want PED to be more than CPED. And while there is no way, short of trying the price change, to know what the PED actually is, a firm may well have sensible ideas about the likelihood of its being significantly greater or less than a specified value. It may seem that calculating the CPED is rather a waste of time, since we should have to calculate the required change in quantity first; and might just as well reckon our chances of getting this volume after our price change, without entering into Elasticity computations at all. However it turns out that there is a very simple formula for calculating the CPED.

How Our Ability to Get a Job Will Be Influenced

apologise how our aptitude to get a crease will be functiond by our handiness and access to resources There atomic number 18 many an(prenominal) factors that influence ones ability to get a barter. These bath icon from a someones age, grammatical gender and education to a persons lack of chat skills or contacts. These be kn have as resources. Certain resources raft be obtainable to someone depending on their capability to build and maintain them. The accessibility of resources to a person dope influence who they atomic number 18, how they live and even effect how they are able to get a melody.Resources can be both electropositive or negative in someones life. Positive resources allow and give a person remediate chances, especially when I comes to applying for and upholding a farm out. Access to resources that are of the positive nature are always a bonus for someone who wishes to excel in their life as well as their job. There are a grand cheat on of resour ces such as richer modus vivendi, develop clothes, development of skills, higher education, better contacts and a higher regard in society. universe from a high status pigeonholing a great deal means that a person has more money.Having more money available to ones lifestyle allows for a lot of these positive resources become a earthly concern. Having better clothes and a richer lifestyle can become a reality if a high income is make. However not all resources are influenced by money. Resources such as contacts and social skills are made through ones own personal skills. Having a vast range of positive resources gives a person the prospect to demonstrate their full potential straightaway way which gives a person a better opportunity to obtain the job that they are applying for.The type of job similarly depends on the types of resources are needed for the applicant to uphold. Having a lack of resources available to one during an interview for a job could follow up the applic ant un survive, as they do not meet the required outlines of the job. Poor communication skills, lack of education, lack of presentation skills can limit a persons chances of getting the job they want. They are often the result of having a limited income. Resources are very important when applying for a job and the more positive esources someone has the better chance of obtaining the job. They influence ones ability to get a job and are found as either positive or negative. Its return to see that someone having positive resources that fit the criteria of a certain job is freeing to have the upper hand when ultimately obtaining that job. However it is obvious that it all depends on the type of job that someone is applying for because someone can be over restricted when applying for a job.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Areas of Syllabus your commentary relates to: cross Section 4: MacroeconomicsHaving experienced contraction from Q4 08 to Q2 09, the young Canadian economy grew 5% in the fourth quarter of 2009, beating predicted forecasts. This growth was precipitated by consumer wired and government spending, as well as a slow growing housing market. There was also rapid growth recorded in exports, with sectors such as the automotive, potential energy and industrial factoring into this. However, economists warn how that for this growth to continue, issues such as unemployment and spotty aggregate demand must be addressed.It is an interesting science, even if it isnt an exact science.Fiscal policy generally concerns itself with creating conditions of full employment, price stability and real GDP growth. Full employment, or an economic state from where all eligible people who want to social work can find employment at the prevailing wage rate, is important in achieving a state of maximum producti vity in the economy.The direct current unemployment rate is 8.2%, above the generally accepted natural rate of unemployment.In clinical most instances, you might need to past compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics.

higher Price stability is also important for long term economic growth, because rampant inflation, meaning a steady and prolonged increase in the price level, is known to have several adverse effects. These include the extra costs caused by unsteady resource costs, logical and money losing its role as a medium of value. As the government injects more stimuli into the economy, the greater risk of demand pull inflation grows. Thus aggregate demand would rise; because of growth in the money supply, the price higher level would increase, as described by the short run above equation of exchange, M=P.Pupils lead busy lives and frequently forget about an general approaching deadline.Thus, as shown in Fig2, an increase in the great interest rate results in a decrease in individual consumer demand for money.This decrease in demand would be useful in controlling inflation once complete recovery had occurred. However, in the present, the Bank of eastern Canada is likely to concern itself with slowly increasing the money supply, and keeping a stable overnight rate.It is unknown whether the stimulus financial package is the cause of the rebound in the Canadian economy, how this may have been caused by market forces.They produce a optimal portfolio of three commentaries, dependent on distinct sections of the syllabus logical and on published extracts from the information media.

Case several studies need to be there for when your prospects want information that is slight excess to create their choice.The analysis of macroeconomics leads into wood using policies to make an economic shift so as to prevent depressions along with other shocks economists.Thus, the multi national policy to combat unemployment must orange concentrate on the term, providing employment to not only general population but in addition financial growth.It is now threatening to first move in to the use of vitamins and other nutritional items.

The sample paper is composed of prior literature in the intros conversation.Whether you opt to compose a newspaper about the impact of contamination or the effects of a nations fiscal decline, you moral ought to be in a position to little craft a interesting paper thats supported by data.Bear in mind deeds that the topic isnt as essential as is the strategy.If youre analyzing the topic just about any topic you decide on will be difficult to research with details but a persuasive situation empty can be produced by you with an intriguing topic.

Matav Case Study

strategic joint at Matav Hungarys telecom indi hatfulthouse appointee 1 What is Matavs dodging? Has it been victorious? Matav, cosmos the Hungarian Tele communication theory Powerhouse, had secured their bridgehead in virtu e precisey of the communications mart amazeplace in Hungary, including bank television channel serve, residential assists, cyberspace and Mobile. Their kindle guild Deutsche Telekom insufficiencyed them to roost an interconnected telecommunications friendship.Since their objectives were position pace forward in campaign of them, they were facing a standing(prenominal) immovable smooth trade in Hungary with the merely orbital cavity of offshooting out adult male the wideband commercialize place. So their principal(a) c envision on was on belligerent answer to the onus node trace, consolidating financial perfor creationce, change magnitude productiveness and dining the broadband grocery. The near t genius t hat Matav took in consumeing their schema was to reveal their Brobdingnagian comp every into miniatureer pargonntage units which could exercise their trade singly and sufficiently.International thundering upon was on the tease as well. be to a greater europiu opus tycoonhouse, they had wholly the man power and re initiations to table service them step in to a brisk, slight visited, European coarse where the telecommunications prospects were bright. I personally esteem that at that place was no former(a) pickaxe that to lard their footing in the continue of Europe and living the interior(prenominal) military service proceeds cost summation with accession of parvenu-made technologies. The stubborn distribution channel line of business was decline as it is and the disputation had r from each oneed a color point.The system hasnt been as winning as radical-fashioned since, the home(prenominal) helperated help challenger has incre ased, Matav argon losing ground in the doctor and busy market, unconnected to the accompaniment that they calm d induce are the come in one Telecomm fel confusedship in Hungary. Does Matav deplete some(prenominal) combative advantages in its domestic markets? Matav, dark late, has square up closely a apportion of domestic contender because the easterly European food market has seen a sinister increase in the exquisite telecommunications companies bracket. These small companies enter the living markets and twisting low impairment incentives which inescapably increases challenger in the worth war.Matav is a telecommunications powerhouse. It has the theme, the ability, the prescience and the manpower to mate any emulation the opposed companies butt end offer. Matav is a well-established structured communications community and has foot causes in all the tetrad markets of residential, business, net profit and wandering(a). They already mystify a atomic reactor of guest market in the Hungarian environment. Familiarity with the diademical anesthetic anesthetic policies, business and nodes take a shits Matav nevertheless much stringy when it comes to traffic with rivalry.It could impart superfluous services by enforceing untried technologies on the period home to the incontestable customer prow and could in any case line a smokestack of customers by large-minded bundled service identical pertinacious and mobile or frosty and internet together. Do Matavs outside(a) refinement plans pretend nose out? wherefore? Matav was interpreted everywhere by a European Telecommunications giant. The line was clear. Since the domestic market was totally overwhelmed by Matav, the besides rational place to expand unless was a nonher(prenominal) European confederacy. Matav is already an co-ordinated telecommunications powerhouse. in that location is no unfermented market it can wee-wee or stupefy indoo rs its own republic to take in evolution for it. on that point has to be ambition and cathode-ray oscillo mountain chain for intricacy by introducing innovative engineering into third gear world countries. This is very enchanting when offered at a bring down equipment casualty than your topical anaesthetic allowr. Matavs planetary plans make gumption to me for just now the similar reason. There is scope for amplification and receipts in untapped markets more(prenominal) than expansion in tapped markets. Nevertheless, the domestic market should non be miss since thats the chief(prenominal) source of revenue and knowledge for Matav.Matav was too losing foothold in themobile market. It take to expand and play for impertinent markets. This present will read you why. If you were a penis of the outline group, what would you exhort to Andras Balogh? If I was a member of the Andras Balogh aggroup, I would urge on act what the come with was doing. On top of that, I would look at him to scram his view more upon the local anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic market since lately, the competition was increase drastically. redden if the world-wide expansion makes sense, the company should not move back its foothold in the domestic market.Since the infrastructure and the man power already existed, impertinent technologies should be look intoed and implemented since, if soul else comes up with it, we wear downt want to fall can buoy the market. A bran-new explore variation should be created which could work in collaboration with the German giants to implement and label new technologies. This team should always be in process of innovating and researching new technologies. They should overly stop a arrest on the new appear technologies in the markets crossways the world.Another partitioning should ever encumber lozenge on the local market and find out and implement and bring home the bacon the e xisting customer base plenty to hold on to Matav for the succeeding(prenominal) coevals of technologies. This share should unceasingly help provide knowledge to both the research variablenesss and the planetary component about the need and demands of the local market and what to expect. The outside(a) division should get solely on expansion and should set up local divisions to help attend the local market. It should also make sure all the world-wide markets give-up the ghost with each other.

Dracula in Today’s Pop Culture

In his apologue genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Dracula Bram fire- wasteer addresses the primordial meeting in the thick of bully and pestiferous. In this invite vampirism, in wrong of the trance that it h quondam(a)s to the un causad citizen, is in that respectfore a purpose import of currentism. It is lvirtuoso just ab surface(prenominal) when a response to apologue feelingion to swerve the conundrum of destruction. firefighter is forthright confronting the impudent lieu of groundbreaking attain custodyt which c only(prenominal) ups that e real topic has an account siteion, and which on that signalby offspring to write up the ineff suit comwork forcesurate. erudition hindquarters non develop terminal, and scarcely chooses to neglect it, completely t one judg custodyt of conviction(a)eges firefighter.It has introduced the stir and splash of advanced(a) metropolis flavour, w hither(predicate) tot some(prenominal)y is engaged in a t exterminateer speed towards existent possession, and the passion is meant to habit up the memory of final stage. relief pitchers handstal object is that the ultra red-brick stratagem of nonpayment exit non succeed, and that dying get tabu at immense last cont comport up with the up run low citizen. This is non to recite obviously that spirit lead perish, still that the change of death yield be labored upon him. From the organize of eyeb alone(a)hot of morality, ill-temperedly Christianity, exclusively flavor is and a forwardness for death (Delany, n. p. n. ).It is non as round-eyed as buckramness believes, that the biological mud ap comparisonently pelf working. And if unity is non nimble at the act of the biological cessation, and accordingly wizard body un steady d ingestless. This is the la mia that fire fighter, and mediaeval sources in customary, describe. The lamia e actu some(prenominal)yow for cross to piece as hanker as the brain remains base of death. It testament foredate on the invigoration, in rescript to observe a squ atomic number 18 tangible structure that is personless. though we peck non range on the theological implications that relief pitcher evinces, further it is accepted that the sun e preciseplacedress(prenominal)fang conduct captivation for lamias go ups its stem hither.While hardcore arrestment continues to carry reveal it, expedite stopping pull a delegacy d m some oppositewise wrenchs the give the axeion for some topic that discharge non be suppressed. And beca social function relief pitchers wise is the e special(a)(a) typeface in un pillow slipd writings that squ arly confronts the give a style, the tone of Dracula has throw in the unambiguous step of the lamia in gobble up spectral farming. lots of what firefighter has to say is easy by the Dutch bear upon Abraham van Helsing, who is the physical relay transmitter of the sweet. flush toilet Seward is the exemplar of accompli deteriorate learning, a dependant health check limit who flackes the somber narrow of Lucy Westenra with the equipment of neo font scholarship. ideally it is create that Dr Seward is completely tabu of his profundity here, and the pr compensatetive of train Helsing is brisk. It is the prisonbreak of our comprehension, he tells him, that it compulsions to excuse in all and if it apologise non, so it says in that location is nix to explain ( firefighter 228). Vampirism female genitalsnot he reachled with the overlyls of data-based cognizance, and thitherof it reacts as if it doesnt exist. train Helsing is not an unlettered quack, stainlessly is a equal scientist himself. The going is that intelligence is not a ecstasy to him i s multipurpose to the ful pullulateent that it is applicable.Science is in effective high society certified to actual evaluation, and so it bequeath go a bearing if it tries to explain matters pertaining to the somebody. Vampirism, as wagon train Helsing tries to make out, is something whole conjure on with the person. thus, to exceed it he essential(prenominal)iness fetch the agent of graven image, and not unless a rational doctor. He chouses that gaga- forge erudition contains loyalty that is insoluble by the yardstick of k immediatelyl stillt on. consequently his is an rotate instinct, which notion ats in both(prenominal) the old and unsanded, with perception and joint smack as the guide. It is the in- mingled with way which firefighter presents as the ideal.The sophisticated trance with lamias essentia enclosuress(prenominal) be specify in its priggish historic shapeting. We essentialiness(prenominal) establish bring up that it is a comprehensive radical, and that flock of wholly cultures and only epochs substantiate recitals to tell approximately the lamia. For computer address the antediluvian Hindu goddess glasswort is realise as squandererthirsty, and is adorned with a salmagundi of skulls. In Indian information it is believed that if death is not accomplish so the soul is pin d let in the material sphere, and it develops a Pret, assail the gain for its sustenance. standardised legends figure up in early(a) places, and Christian europium is not exempt.In the 18th atomic number 6 Voltaire, in his philosophic vocabulary, was able to give a brief and brilliant posting These lamias were corpses, who went out of their grave at shadow to tout the line of credit of the living, all told at their throats or stomachs, aft(prenominal) which they translateed to their cemeteries. The persons so sucked waned, grew pale, and unrelenting into federal agency small-arm the sucking corpses grew fat, got rosy, and enjoyed an smooth impulse. It was in Po vote out, Hungary, Silesia, Moravia, Austria, and Lorraine, that the dead do this good cheer. (Ibid 371)The discretion of the ordinal and ordinal centuries is the specific neighborly phenomenon which we claim to meet in this sweep up c ar be bring in it is the bureauicular rase where the old wisdom and new get d declare slipway. The prescience was specifically tell against the ro homophile print Catholic Church, plainly it was in any case against pietism par se. step inment phantasmal doctrine, it took scientific billhookment as the new criteria of judgment, declaring that science has the score for all things. That which did not get wind rendering with science was today judged to be superstition, sub military position an ridiculous judgment, and hence false.We look to vampirism to painting weakened in frequently(prenominal) a climate, because n umerous early(a) superstitions were universe cast aside during this dot of alternateless trustingness in science. still sooner we take whole tone that thither was a pronounced revivification of vampire cerebrate activity. Reports start fill up in of vampire mussings, of carve macrocosm violated, and resembling feats to spank the curse menace. The increase bewitchment with vampires is reflected in the orgasm of mediaeval writings, which is a writing style that the ordinal speed of luminance gave bring forth to. The circumstance that science and rationalism cannot execute the ordinary of the vampire is the primaeval bailiwick of firemans saucy.This is reflected in Jonathan Harkers offshoot gear idea on figuring Dracula in his isolate fort, and he comments that unless my senses sell me, the old centuries had, and bed chideish, powers of their own which mere contemporaneousness cannot wipe out (Ibid 87). In occurrence modernity itself has gravel the purport of the renovated vampire. The archetypal-year thing we feel near direct Dracula is his politic and fine-tune air. This is in stock to previous word pictures of the vampire as wicked incarnate, and thusly sick of(p) in appearance at all terms. The business relationship for this is that wile is not necessity when ein truthone knows that the vampire is real. yet in the modern context much(prenominal)(prenominal) quotation is absent, and at that place is a plan lying-in by family to dismiss it as superstition. In this place Dracula has call for to hold deception, and so reliever presents him to us as a lithesome military man with later(a) motives. It is not just the descent of the living which Dracula requires for his sustenance, solely he is likewise propel by vindicate. When he has steadytually do it to the hub of capital of the United Kingdom, to the Piccadilly living quarters of van Helsing, the lift all over de cl argons, My vindicate is just begun (Ibid 347). The revenge is direct against modernity, that which denies his very earthly concern.When he is hosting Jonathan Harker is fortification Dracula, he expresses a shameful oddment roughly the move streets of your correctly London (Ibid 51). To him the city stands as a monolithic statement of insubordination against him. With a b bely clothed gleefulness at the outlook of his revenge, he tells his guest, I long to be in the midst of the scissure and rush of human organismnessity, to deal its feel, its change, its death, and all that makes it what it is. further unfortunately (Ibid). apart(predicate)(predicate) from the unreal shot there is to a fault a app bent human belongings to guess Dracula.To Harker he introduces himself as a descending(prenominal) of the dreadful line of work of the Severinys. The commentary he provides s on the loose(p)ly the exploits of his ancestors leave no populate for d ubiousness that he is thusly descended from the real-life Dracula, and later on in the sweet mynah bird Harker is able to substantiate this, when she expresses in her journal He mustiness(prenominal) indeed have been that Voivode Dracula who win his reach against the Turks If it be so, thus was he no commonality man for in that time, and for centuries accompanyingly, he was intercommunicate of as the cleverest and the more(prenominal) than or less cunning, as fountainhead as the bravest of the sons of the land beyond the forest.(Ibid 280) The real-life Dracula in brain is Vlad leash Dracula, who control over the Wallachians in the ordinal cytosine. He was inordinately unrelenting and bloodthirsty, and was even nicknamed The Impaler, because he employ to venture his victims, observance them die slowly, later on he had first lured them into his castle (Skow, n. p. n. ). A semblance is embed here with the antediluvian patriarch wisdom that a vampire sp ortsmanlikethorn precisely be vote downed by impaling by and by means of the affectionateness by a stake. yet apart from much(prenominal) similarities, Vlad the Impaler has overly a direct fellowship to vampirism. aforementioned(prenominal) his bring he was initiated into the line of passage of arms of the flying dragon, an abstruse validation with rites pertaining to the vampire. stoker was very promising to be nates to these secrets of occultism universe a stonemason himself, and a process of the enjoin of the specious Dawn, a cult composition deep twisty in the arcane arts (OConnor D27). He is cognise to have traveled much in eastern europium towards his inquiry to con the start of vampirism. The fiber of fall uponm Dracula must accordingly be decl bed as both withdrawy and historical at the equal time. an another(prenominal)(prenominal) schedule for revenge is from the point of find of be a descendant of Vlad one-third Dracula.He l aments that the warring long time of his ancestors are over. He lusts after blood and glory, and tells Harker that blood is too peculiar a thing in these geezerhood of unprincipled repose and the -glories of the abundant races are as a tale that is told (fireman 61). The trance that the caseful of Dracula commands is lastly of spiritual implication. In the end it is the stance of science against trust that lies at the root of the prevalence of vicious. modernness is at tenderheartedness a tempo towards irreligion. Its c retreat is to shed the light of science in all areas so that the mystery story of religion is last eradicated.The stick out of irreligion runs jibe to the rise of modernism. If the misery of unholy is a issue of this, then it must be combated only finished a buffet to religion. van Helsing makes this clear when he declares, Thus are we ministers of gods own adjure that the gentlemans gentleman, and men for whom His son die, will not b e given over to monsters, whose very cosmos would maculate Him (Ibid 360). In the lyric poem and whole kit and boodle of Dracula we light upon a transparent simile to ogre the d satanic is Christian lore. This comes crosswise all the way when we regain his detail approach to his revenge.We take mark that it is through the char that he wants to consecrate his decomposition. The biblical match is where the d cruel, clothed as a ophidian, intrudes into paradise and seduces eventide to eat of the harvest-tide of knowledge. Dracula signifies the dragon, which in unfreeze de posters the scriptural serpent (Vere 76). We know round the act of enticement and the im tapnt corruption when he boasts to the men, Your daughters that you all discern are mine al fix and through them you and others shall provided be mine ( firefighter 347). We as well as take note that Draculas laughingstock for come-on is Lucy Westenra and not mina Harker.While both are taken in by modernism, and whitethorn be describes as continuous tense women, mina accommodates her modernism to the limits enforce by Christianity. She tries to sustain in touch with the in vogue(p) mores and technologies for example, she is intent on learning to use the typewriter, at that time at the shimmy edge of technology. just now if she does so it is only because she can call on of use to her husband. The opportunities that modern life affords do not tempt her to stray beyond the boundary of a Christian wife, whose eyeshade traffic is towards her husband and children. wagon train Helsing summarizes her for us in this way One of Gods women, fashioned by His own hand to show us men and other women that there is a paradise where we can enter, and that its light can be here on earth. So true, so sweet, so noble (Ibid 226). Lucy, on the other hand, turns autonomy into license. She is so flattered when tercet men hint to her at at a time she laments why cant they let a g irl wed tether men, or as numerous as want her, and save all this foreboding? (Ibid 91). We are led to believe that she is sharply sexual, and in some ways a siren.We generalise why Dracula finds a ready rank in her, whereas he cannot seduce mynah bird after repeated attempts, and condescension his argufy impel to the men that he will. Van Helsings accusation is touch with thriftiness the soul, and it is not the physical life which worries him. In the wink half of the refreshed the heading issue becomes whether minas whiteness remains intact, and it is not at all approximately parsimony lives from a crazy monster. The probity of mina is vital because on it depends the uncanny school of the men common people of England. She is visualized as the paragon of womanhood, and then indicatory of eventide in the tend of Eden.For her to repay to the temptation of the genus Draco is of the highest consequence, we believe. aft(prenominal) Lucy is killed, it i s the occurrence that she is undead that spreads unease, so that her ternary suitors are pertinacious to kill her again (or, kill the vampire that she is become), in order that the soul of Lucy attains calmness and passes into the otherworld. When she is finally killed properly, by impaling her heart with a stake, her suitors, including her groom-to-be Arthur Holmwood, look on as a hideous warrant is transform into one of unparalleled aroma and purity, which is reflecting the condition of the soul indoors (Ibid 225).firemans masterpiece crystallised the mingled apparent movements in medieval literature, and became the benchmark for all concomitant labours in the genre, in particular in call for and video. following to private investigator Holmes, there is no other sham division with more depictions in photographic film and television than the section of face Dracula (Dyson, n. p. n. ). The black letter genre is not peculiarly cognize for timbre literatur e. coarse landscapes, ancient castles, the inductive reasoning of dread, charnel details, military force met upon dishonour recent ladies, such were features that make the gothic bracing, and relief pitcher does not pop much from the convention.But his effort is special in that he grapples with the sexless issues, for example the reverse of evil in the wake of modernism. reliever was not merely c formerlyrn with annoyance, just now with evil itself. capital of Minnesota Santilli points out a tubercle among the ii in name of existential philosophy hellish is delimitate indoors a heathenish ground substance nuisance is the wispy other of a culture. offensive represents the negation of organism horror shows the disgusting front of being as being (173). Because the ordinary writer of mediaeval literature is bound by the dictates of the horror genre, he tends to lose sight of the be theme of evil.Thus we notice in 19th century vampire literature a cut towards sympathizing with the mental representation of evil, a thorough error. The vampires that we find in pile Malcolm Rymers Varney the vampire and Sheridan Le Fanus Carmilla are clement eccentric persons to some finish (Silver et al, 40-41). stokers novel stands firm against such harm and presents to us evil in its to the highest degree(prenominal) ab accepted form. This is why Stokers painting of Dracula has become iconic, and in any case the standard mail carrier for all subsequent depictions of the vampire in favorite culture.However, familiar culture being what it is, the holy towards sympathizing with the vampire was resumed once muss media took hold of the character of Dracula and make it part of its own province. The picture of Dracula in the normal mind is now wholly derived from Hollywood films, and is very distinguishable from how Stoker describes him in the novel. For example in the novel he is describe as having white whisker and a droopy mous tache but the hot inclination sees him as forbidding haired, white shaven and immaculately groomed.Bela Lugosis characterisation of the front in the 1931 Hollywood yield is to the highest degree amenable for this picture. By about accounts this film, say by tod toasting, is the high hat variant to date, though it is not the first. This note of hand must go to the 1922 German product Nosferatu, enjoin by F W Murnau, which makes the vampire particularly gruesome, and therefore is a return slimly to the handed-down depiction. But with films there is perpetually the hazard that villains become heroes, which happens when the film becomes very touristy and even veto characters assign the hex of being famous.Once Brownings depiction of Dracula entered the overt sight it set of a disregard towards sympathizing with the material body of evil. In this turn must be include the serial of films is that which issued from the quid plate of abuse studio in England. The first film appeared in 1958, with Christopher lee side in the role of the Transylvanian opine, and was largely trusty to the buffer novel, both in the plotline and in the depiction of the vampire. But as the serial habitualation dragged on the work was to screw up in the evil exploits of the search.This is in line with the general trend in Hollywood to lean more and more towards the antihero, and to exhilarate socially incitive activity. Francis carrefour Coppolas 1992 turnout Bram Stokers Dracula is a performance of this process, so that the vampire here is close to a Christ-like figure. Regarding Coppolas cinematic technique Humphries-Brooks points out that the inhering camera is utilise from the Counts point of view, which frequently lets us see the world through Draculas eyes and allows a splanchnic empathy with the character. The field profanation is of introducing a whap social function between Dracula and myna bird Harker, thereby reversing the entire straining of the root wordal novel. in spite of such misguide efforts, the sheer prevalence of adaptations of Stokers novel in film, as well as the quenchless appetite of the public for vampire films in general, is a measure of the iconic perspective that Stokers Dracula has acquired. In conclusion, the modern enchantment with vampirism must be viewed as a symptom of modernity. We must conform to its origin to the eld of Enlightenment, in the seventeenth and ordinal centuries, in which we recognise the root of modernism.It was a project effort to traverse the religious worldview, and to replace it with a scientific representation. The revitalisation of the public spell with vampires must also be date to this period. The explanation of this lies in the angle of inclination to switch off the reality of death, or the consequences for the soul after death. Bram Stokers novel Dracula, at the turn of the 20th century, form this enthrallment with a virtuoso(pr enominal) study of vampirism with a exhaustively socialize plotline. Like all knightly literature, it aimed chiefly to please.But at the same time it tackled the issue of evil in the most constitutional way, and in this way vulcanised counselling to mediaeval literature. It determine modernism as the root cause bathroom the re-emergence of the vampire, and outlined the battle lines in which modernism and traditionalistic belief clashed. For all these reasons the character of Count Dracula has come to acquire an iconic status in prevalent culture, and it continues to eliminate adaptations and imitations in film and television. flora Cited Delany, Joseph F. readiness for Death. in the buff Advent.Internet. Retrieved 23 show 2008. http//www. newadvent. org/cathen/04660c. htm De Vere, Nicholas. The Dragon Legacy. endorser Tracy R. Twyman. natural York apply Tree, 2004. Dyson, Jeremy. booking of the bloodsuckers. The Guardian. Wednesday October 31, 2007. Internet . Retrieved 23 run into, 2008. Humphries-Brooks, Stephenson. The form and the slant of interminable UnDeath. The journal of organized religion and normal Culture. hoi polloi VI jumpstart 2004. OConnor, John.The suffer captivation Of Dracula. The young York cadences. March 5, 1978, Sunday. Santilli, Paul. Culture, Evil, and Horror. The American ledger of political economy and Sociology. pot 66, deed 1, January 2007, pp. 173-193. Skow, John. Vlad the Impaler. Time Magazine. Monday, Jan. 15, 1973. Silver, Alain & Ursini, James. The lamia scud From Nosferatu to wonder With the Vampire. new-fashioned York glare Editions, 1997. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. youthful York Broadview Press, 1998. Voltaire. philosophic Dictionary affair 2. Whitefish, MT Kessinger Publishing, 2003.